Web accessibility refers to the practice of making websites and web applications usable by people of all abilities and disabilities. Ensuring that your site is accessible means adhering to established guidelines, such as the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), which outline how to make content perceivable, operable, understandable, and robust. Key concepts of web accessibility include providing text alternatives for non-text content, maintaining a clear and navigable structure, using sufficient contrast, and enabling keyboard navigation. By implementing these principles, you not only enhance user experience but also expand your audience reach, making your content available to everyone.

The importance of web accessibility cannot be overstated, as it promotes inclusivity and equal access to information. An estimated 15% of the world's population lives with some form of disability, meaning that a significant portion of potential users could be excluded without proper accessibility measures. Additionally, accessible websites often perform better in search engine optimization (SEO), as they provide clear content structure and navigation that search engines value. In essence, prioritizing web accessibility is not just a legal or ethical obligation; it is a smart business strategy that offers both social and economic benefits.

Accessibility barriers can manifest in various forms, affecting individuals with disabilities in their interaction with digital content. Common accessibility barriers include poor color contrast, lack of alt text for images, and complex navigation structures. For instance, users with visual impairments may struggle to read text that doesn't sufficiently contrast with its background, while those using screen readers depend on descriptive alt text to understand visual elements. Identifying these barriers is crucial to ensuring that your content is inclusive and reaches a broader audience.

To overcome these accessibility barriers, website owners should conduct regular accessibility audits and implement changes based on established guidelines such as the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). Here are some effective strategies to consider:

1. Improve Color Contrast: Use tools to test color combinations and ensure readability.
2. Add Alt Text: Provide descriptive text for all images to assist screen reader users.
3. Simplify Navigation: Ensure that your site’s structure is intuitive, allowing all users to find content easily.

Web accessibility compliance is governed by several legal requirements that ensure websites are usable by people with disabilities. In the United States, the primary guideline is the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), which mandates that places of public accommodation, including online entities, must provide equal access to goods and services. This has been interpreted to include the web, making compliance with accessibility standards essential for avoiding potential legal issues. In addition to the ADA, the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, particularly Section 508, requires federal agencies to make their electronic and information technology accessible to people with disabilities.

Globally, the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) set forth by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) serve as the benchmark for web accessibility. Compliance with these guidelines not only helps organizations meet legal obligations but also enhances user experience for all visitors, including those with disabilities. Failing to adhere to these standards can lead to legal ramifications, including lawsuits and financial penalties, as well as reputational damage. Therefore, understanding and implementing these legal requirements is crucial for any website aiming for comprehensive web accessibility compliance.